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Cystitis in women: what is it, symptoms and treatment

Many women suffer when the first symptoms of cystitis appear; they begin to treat themselves by consulting pharmacists at the pharmacy and purchasing fancy drugs. They cannot even imagine what the consequences of such treatment could be without knowing the causes, type and form of the disease. To prevent complications of the disease, it is necessary to undergo appropriate diagnosis.

Cystitis is an inflammation of the urinary tract and bladder mucosa. This disease is predominantly female. It is caused by the structure of the urethra in women, which is shorter and wider than in men, so infection or penetration of harmful microorganisms occurs more often.

Cystitis according to ICD-10

According to the International Classification of Diseases, this type of inflammation belongsClass XIV, its code№30. 0.

According to the International Classification of Diseases, there are several forms of cystitis:

  1. Acute cystitis code n. 30. 0.
  2. Chronic (interstitial) code no. 30. 1.
  3. Chronic cystitis code (other) n. 30. 2.
  4. Trigonite code no. 30. 3.
  5. Radiation type of inflammatory process code No. 30. 4.
  6. Other forms of cystitis n. 30. 5.
  7. Unspecified cystitis n. 30. 6.

Each form of the inflammatory process requires individual treatment. Therefore, the disease must be diagnosed in a medical facility and medications recommended by a doctor must be taken.

Causes of cystitis in women

People suffer from this disease30% women under 45. The main reason for the inflammatory process is a special anatomical structure in which there is contact between the flora of the reproductive and urinary systems of the woman. Other reasons include:

  • Improper genital hygiene.
  • Passive (sedentary) lifestyle.
  • Fatigue.
  • Unbalanced diet.
  • Eating spicy and fatty foods.
  • The presence of chronic gynecological and venereal diseases.
  • Unprotected sex.
  • Prolonged hypothermia.
  • Bladder injuries.
  • Changes in hormone levels.
  • Reduced immunity.
  • Synthetic underwear.

The most common cause of bladder inflammation is infection with intestinal infections.

What bacteria cause inflammation?

Cystitis occurs due to infection with various pathogenic bacteria:

  1. Candida mushrooms.
  2. Escherichia coli.
  3. Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
  4. Gonococci.
  5. Ureaplasma.
  6. Mycoplasmas.
  7. Trichomonas.
  8. Chlamydia.
  9. Enterobacteria.
  10. Pale treponema.
  11. Staphylococci.
  12. Streptococci.
  13. Enterococcus.
  14. Meningococcus.
  15. Coliform microbes.
  16. Proteus.
  17. Salmonella.
  18. Virus.
  19. Listeria.
  20. Klebsiella.

The most common opportunistic bacterium causing the acute phase of inflammation is Escherichia coli.

E. coli very often causes the development of cystitis in women

The first signs of the disease in women

Within 24 hours, the first signs of illness appear after infection with pathogenic bacteria or hypothermia. These signs include:

  • Weakness.
  • Low fever.
  • Frequent urination in small quantities.
  • Itching of the genitals.
  • Pulling pain in the lower abdomen at night.
  • Painful urination.
  • The appearance of secretions from the genitals.

Urine becomes cloudy with sediment in the form of flakes, mixed with blood or pus.

One of the signs of cystitis in a woman is a nagging pain in the lower abdomen

Symptoms of cystitis in women

The main symptoms of the inflammatory process in women:

  1. Urine is released frequently and in small portions.
  2. Burning sensation when emptying the bladder.
  3. At night, frequent need to urinate.
  4. Cloudy urine mixed with mucus, blood, and pus.
  5. Sensation of heaviness in the lower abdomen.
  6. Urine has an unpleasant, pungent odor.
  7. A nagging pain appears in the lower abdomen, kidneys and spine.
  8. Low body temperature.

If one or more symptoms are detected, it is necessary to undergo a diagnosis to avoid complications or the development of urolithiasis.

A woman is worried about the symptoms of cystitis in the form of frequent and painful urination

Urinary incontinence with cystitis in women

Urinary incontinence in women with the disease is a signneglect of the disease. The main reason is self-medication or reluctance to visit a medical facility.

Urinary incontinence occurs due to developmentinflammatory process after infection in the bladder. The nerve endings on the walls of the bladder are irritated, causing a frequent need to urinate. If treatment is inadequate or ignored, the urges become strong and can no longer be controlled.

Do your kidneys hurt due to cystitis?

The kidneys are part of the urinary system and produce urea, which forms urine. Urine exits through the ureters, accumulates in the bladder, and then exits. If the inflammatory process in the bladder becomes advanced, the infection rises through the ureters to the kidneys, which is why kidney pain occurs with cystitis.

If pain in the kidneys begins to intensify after cystitis, this means that the patient is developing a disease - pyelonephritis. Therefore, if pain in the kidneys occurs, you should immediately consult a doctor for examinations and diagnosis of the disease.

Types and forms of cystitis in women

Modern medicine classifies cystitis based on the nature of the disease, the causes of its onset, morphology, stage of development and spread of the inflammatory process. Cystitis can manifest itself in the following forms:

  1. Spicy– inflammation of the bladder mucosa due to various infections.
  2. Chronic– differs from acute cystitis by fading symptoms with their periodic appearance.
  3. Interstitial– characterized by the formation of a malignant tumor on the walls of the bladder. This is a dangerous pathology that requires surgical intervention.
  4. Honeymoon cystitis- this is a special form, it is typical for girls who start having sex. During the defloration process, foreign bacteria enter the vaginal cavity, causing inflammatory processes.

Most experts identify the following types of cystitis:

  • InfectiousCystitis occurs due to the entry of harmful bacteria and microorganisms into the bladder.
  • Traumatica type of disease that occurs due to injuries and bruises of the urethra.
  • ChemistCystitis occurs if treated improperly or when the body is exposed to toxic substances.
  • Hemorrhagicthe species occurs due to viral diseases.
  • Hypercalceuricthe type occurs in women who suffer from impaired kidney function.
  • Parasitethe species occurs due to the penetration of parasites (worms) from the anus into the urethra.
  • SexualCystitis occurs in women who often change sexual partners.
  • RayCystitis occurs during procedures with radiation exposure to the body.
  • AllergicThis type occurs when allergens enter the body and can cause an inflammatory process.
  • CervicalCystitis is an inflammation of the neck of the bladder.
  • Fungalthe species develops if Candida fungi are present in the body.
  • HormoneCystitis in women occurs with an increase in the level of estrogen in the body, which reduces immunity and facilitates the penetration of the infection.

Recurrent cystitis

Recurrent cystitis is an acute type of inflammation of the genitourinary organs that occursmore than 3 times in six months. Recurrent causes:

  1. Chronic failure to comply with personal hygiene rules.
  2. Genetic predisposition.
  3. Anatomical anomalies, such as dystopia.
  4. Narrowing of the urethra.
  5. Stones or sand in the bladder.
  6. Frequent change of sexual partners.
  7. Gynecological diseases.
  8. Constant hypothermia.

For the recurrent type of the disease, the treatment is the same as for acute cystitis.

Diagnostics

The doctor conducts an initial examination of the patient, collects anamnesis and writes a referral for tests:

  • General blood tests.
  • General urinalysis.
  • Bacteriological culture of urine.
  • Smear of vaginal microflora.
  • Ultrasound.
  • Cystography.
Ultrasound examination of the bladder can help diagnose cystitis in a woman.

Based on the test results, the doctor makes the diagnosis and prescribes the appropriate treatment.

How long does it take to cure cystitis in women?

The doctor prescribes a course of treatmentat least 10-14 days. The duration of treatment will depend on the form and type of cystitis, as well as the likelihood of recurrence. The inflammatory process is treated with drugs in several stages. Self-medication can lead to the development of complications, and treatment will take a long time.

Methods and drugs for the treatment of cystitis in women

If cystitis occurs, first of all you need to visit a doctor and take tests to find out the cause of its occurrence.

To treat diseases of the genitourinary organs, antibiotics, herbal remedies, warm baths and folk remedies are prescribed. Treatment methods and dosage of drugs are determined by the doctor.

During drug treatment, complex treatment with antibiotics, antispasmodics, probiotics, herbal medicines is carried out, and in case of severe pain, painkillers are prescribed.

During treatment with antibiotics, the intestinal microflora suffers, so the doctor prescribes probiotics.

Medicines for the treatment of cystitis antibiotics, probiotics, antispasmodics, herbal medicines

For severe spasms, antispasmodics are prescribed.

Herbal medicines are prescribed by a doctor to relieve inflammatory processes in the urinary system. These are preparations based on herbs and plant flowers that are effective in counteracting the inflammatory process. These include:

  • Cranberry leaves.
  • Bearberry.
  • Products based on cranberry fruits and medicinal herbs.

Therapeutic baths will help relieve spasms and have an antibacterial effect. Herbal decoctions, infusions and oils are added to such baths:

  1. Chamomile flowers.
  2. Collection of herbs for the urinary system.
  3. Marigold.
  4. A series.
  5. St. John's Wort.
  6. Eucalyptus oil.
  7. Lemon oil.
  8. Sage oil.
  9. Lavender oil.

For quick and effective treatment, complex therapy is performed.

Is it possible to cure cystitis without antibiotics?

Treatment without antibiotics is prescribed only in case of acute illness; for his treatment,antispasmodic and antimicrobial drugs. In most cases, the acute form becomes chronic, in which antibiotic treatment cannot be avoided.

Do they give sick leave for cystitis?

Cystitis is a disease in which the inflammatory process develops rapidly. In the acute form of the disease, body temperature often rises, which indicates the need for bed rest, which means that it is necessary to issue a certificate of sick leave.

In case of chronic illness, sick leave is not issued, since the disease does not have pronounced symptoms. It should be remembered that for its treatment it is necessary to undergo tests and undergo diagnostic procedures, which will also take time.

Consequences and complications

This disease, in acute and chronic forms, can be treated quickly and effectively, but if the treatment is carried out independently and incorrectly, the inflammation takes on other forms, complications arise that develop into other diseases. Such consequences and complications include:

  • Cystitis transforms into interstitial, hemorrhagic, gangrenous forms.
  • Pyelonephritis.
  • Empyema of the bladder.
  • Paracystitis.
  • Trigonite.

The danger of complications is that new diseases arise in the body.

Prevention

To prevent the disease, it is important to adhere to the following rules and recommendations:

  1. Maintain alcohol consumption regime.
  2. Respect personal hygiene rules.
  3. Maintain a rest and sleep schedule.
  4. Dress for the weather.
  5. Eat healthy and balanced foods.
  6. Reject bad habits.
  7. Drink decoctions of diuretic herbs.
  8. Exercise.
  9. Take vitamins.

It is important to take care of your health, visit a doctor, diagnose diseases in a timely manner and take preventive measures.